<p>The Rice Tobacco Factory is a historic tobacco factory located at 112 N. Cherry St. in Greenville, Kentucky. The factory was built in 1922 by S.E. Rice, whose S.E. Rice Company was founded in 1904. Tobacco had been Muhlenberg Countys largest cash crop throughout the 19th century, and the region became known for its variety, called "Greenville Tobacco". The Rice factory, however, was the last building built in Greenville for tobacco production. It is now the only surviving commercial building connected to the citys tobacco industry. The property was acquired in March, 2018, and the new owner is in the process of a historic rehabilitation of the building.</p><br>
<p>The factory was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 15, 1985.</p><br>
<p>The Sourdough Inn, at First and Sled Streets in Fort Yukon, Alaska, was built in 1926, by moving a disused Army building from Fort Egbert near Eagle, Alaska. It was then modified and opened as a hotel. It has also been known as the New Sourdough Hotel and has served as a restaurant, a hotel, a post office and, briefly in the 1940s, as a school.</p><br>
<p>The Sourdough Inn was a three-story gable-roofed building approximately 24 x in size, with a two-story addition in the back.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997. Following its NRHP listing, it was the only frame building and the only hotel in the community of Fort Yukon.</p><br>
<p>The building no longer stands at its original location, which was in an area subjected to heavy floods. It is unclear whether it was destroyed or relocated elsewhere in Fort Yukon.</p><br>
<p>The Ruby Roadhouse, located in Olson Street in Ruby, Alaska, is a historic building that was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places in 1982. It has also been known as US Commissioner&#39;s Office and as Army Signal Corps Station. It has served as a courthouse, as a hotel, as government offices, as a health clinic, and as a military facility. The listing included one contributing building and one contributing structure.</p><br>
<p>It was formed from the 1913 house of Oscar Tackstrom that was used by the Army Signal Corps, plus a second building, Doc Frosts&#39;s medical clinic, built in 1911, that was later attached.</p><br>
<p>The George Short House is a historic house located at 151 N. Main St. in Greenville, Kentucky. Built in the 1840s, the house is the oldest remaining home in Greenville and one of fewer than ten in the city from before the Civil War. The Greek Revival home features a two-story porch supported by columns, a transom and sidelights alongside the front door, and brick chimneys on either end of the structure.</p><br>
<p>The houses first owner, George Washington Short, was a wealthy businessman who was involved with the local tobacco industry. Short built the house in an attempt to impress Tabitha Brank, a woman from Greenville who had rejected his marriage proposal. The house failed to change Branks mind, and Short died a bachelor. Short never lived in his new house.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 15, 1980. It is also included in the North Main Street Historic District, which is itself on the National Register.</p><br>
<p>The Martin House is a historic house located at 144 E. Main Cross St. in Greenville, Kentucky.</p><br>
<p>The home initially had an Italianate design which featured decorative bracketing beneath its eaves. Tobacco merchant Rufus Martin bought the house in 1899, and he and his son remodeled it in the following decade. Martin&#39;s additions were mainly done in the Colonial Revival style and included a front porch supported by Tuscan columns. After Martin died in 1902, his son inherited the house; as of the 1980s, the home remained in his family. The home was converted into an apartment building in 1941 and occupied as such until 2007.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 15, 1985.</p><br>
<p>Due to its deteriorating condition, the house was razed in 2013, and the Felix E. Martin Foundation gifted the bproperty to the City of Greenville to be available for development into a public park.</p><br>
<p>The Robert Thomas House is a historic house located at 516 Broad St. in Central City, Kentucky. The house was built in 1899 as a model home for an exhibit at the St. Louis World&#39;s Fair. Robert Y. Thomas and his family purchased the home and two other model homes from the display; the three homes were moved to Central City in 1904. Thomas, who later served in the USA House of Representatives, lived in the house, which he considered the "nicest of the three", until 1917. The Dutch Colonial Revival home features a gambrel roof, a front porch supported by Tuscan columns, and a balustrade along the roof of the porch. It is the only extant Dutch Colonial Revival building in Central City.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 6, 1990.</p><br>
<p>The Christian Geister House is a historic residence in Algonquin, Illinois.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Algonquin, Illinois was first settled in the Fox River Valley in 1831. By the 1880s, the town had grown enough to require a school, library, and public telephone exchange. It was shortly thereafter that a second wave of houses was built in the town. Small pioneer residences were moved and grand Victorian houses were constructed in their place. In 1892, a local carpenter by the name of Amos Wilburn began to build a Victorian house at 302 South Main Street. Christian Geister purchased the land from Ira C. Goodrich for $1,400 in 1893 while the house was being built. Gesiter owned a grist mill and served as village treasurer. He lived there until 1909, when Mrs. Emma Haeger Estergren (of the Haeger family) purchased the home. She lived on the second floor until her death in the 1970s. Estergren was active in the Women&#39;s Suffrage movement and was an activist for animal rights. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places by the National Park Service on September 25, 2007. It was the first building in Algonquin to receive this distinction.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Christian Geister House is an excellent example of Queen Anne architecture. It has a steeply-pitched cross-gabled roof with two front and two side gables (one on each side). There are also lower intersection gables on the north and west sides, plus a gabled dormer on the west side and a sloped dormer on the east side. A square turret tower is found at the northeast corner, peaking 10 ft above the roof line. The roof and turret are covered with asphalt shingles. The turret eaves are decorated with brackets on the three exposed sides. A narrower eave is found below the brackets. A bay window is under the narrow eave. Window millwork is decorated with twelve ornamental squares. A second narrow set of eaves is under the window, over a first-floor bay window, likewise decorated with millwork. The base of the turret features eight decorative roundels. The Geister House has wood clapboard siding with a limestone foundation. The remaining windows are one-over-one double sash with wood frames. All first-floor windows have decorative eaves, except for those on the west side, which are plain. The east side of the house includes a stained glass picture window, flanked with stained glass sidelights, Five decorative roundels are found under this window. There are three small windows on the third floor, two on the west and one on the east. The basement has several plain garden view windows. The house includes three porches. The west porch has concrete steps and a railing and is attached to an enclosed porch. The northern porch has two stories. The first-story porch extends 3 ft farther than the second-story porch. The eastern porch leads to the main entrance to the house.</p><br>
<p>Bolling Hall is a historic home located near Goochland, Goochland County, Virginia. The original section was built before 1799 as a two-story, frame structure measuring 34 feet by 22 feet. This was the main house of a property developed as a plantation. The house was expanded in 1803, and expanded again by 1815. It was extensively remodeled and expanded between 1845 and 1861.</p><br>
<p>The house was remodeled in 1947. The home has a two-story, five-bay central section with flanking wings.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<p>Elk Hill, also known as Harrison&#39;s Elk Hill, is a historic plantation home located near Goochland, Goochland County, Virginia. It was built between 1835 and 1839, and is a -story, three-bay, stuccoed brick central-hall-plan house in the Greek Revival style. It has a two-story rear ell. The front facade features a one-story Tuscan order portico consisting of paired rectangular wooden pillars supporting a full entablature. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<h2>Elk Hill Farm</h2><br>
<p>The Elk Hill children and family services organization was founded in 1970 when the Scott family decided to provide a steady, stable home for young men at the former Elk Hill plantation site. It was the first of six locations established in Virginia since 1970. Today the property is used by a residential program for young men, called Elk Hill Farm. The house retains the original plan and the school farms the land.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The 35-acre Elk Hill property is located East of Elk Island and.8 miles east of James River and 1700 feet south of State Route 608. It is about 1.3 miles southwest of thee intersection of State Routes 608 and 6 and about 2.1 miles southwest of George&#39;s Tavern,</p><br>
<p>It is much smaller than the original Elk Hill plantation. Now, the land includes most of the hill that the house sits on. It is bounded by the contours of the hill on the north and south side of the property, partially by a drive on the east side, and the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway tracks on the western border of the property. It has a clear view of the James River.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Elk Hill was a plantation located at the mouth of Byrd Creek and near Elk Island. John Woodson acquired a land patent in 1714 for property that included Elk Hill. It was purchased in 1746 by John Wayles, the father of Martha Wayles Skelton Jefferson. His daughter and her first husband, Bathurst Skelton, lived at Elk Hill during the two-year marriage that began in November 1766 and ended with his death in 1768. Three hundred acres of Elk Hill was a component of the dowry for the marriage between Martha and Thomas Jefferson. The couple attained additional property following Wayles’ death in May 1773. Jefferson purchased additional adjacent property by May 1783. In 1799, Jefferson sold Elk Hill with 669 acres to Thomas Augustus Taylor of Chesterfield County.</p><br>
<p>After a number of sales, Elk Hill was sold in 1832 to Randolph Harrison for his son Randolph Harrison Jr. Randolph Harrison was a relative of Thomas Jefferson. Randolph Harrison Jr. who made a fortune on the tobacco trade, spent $15,000 to build the house. The Elk Hill house was situated on a hill overlooking James River and near the confluence with Byrd Creek. It was likely a frame house.</p><br>
<p>Later owner, Henningham Carrington Harrison operated a mill on Byrd Creek at Elk Hill about 1850. It was the largest of 20 mills in Goochland. Harrison operated both a grain mill and sawmill. The plantation conveyed their products to Richmond via canal boats and, beginning in the late 19th century, via railroad trains. Elk Hill was one of the railroad stops. In 1902, the property was purchased by Thomas Dudley Stokes. In 1908, the Stokes&#39; secured and installed the Pocahontas Bell on the grounds. S. Buford Scott became the owner of Elk Hill in 1943. A stockbroker from Richmond, Scott used Elk Hill as a country home.</p><br>
<h3>Revolutionary War</h3><br>
<p>During the Revolutionary War, Elkhill was occupied by Lord Cornwallis and his men for ten days, during which they used the plantation as a temporary base of operations. During their stay they destroyed many of the crops on the plantation and slaughtered livestock for provisions. The plantation was also looted with 27 slaves taken as prisoners of war, 24 of which died of disease. Jefferson visited the site not long after Cornwallis left, and later recorded what he had seen in a letter to William Gordon in Paris.</p><br>
<h3>Civil War</h3><br>
<p>Elk Hill was plundered during the Civil War. Food and furnishings were removed from the house and some furnishings were destroyed.</p><br>
<h3>Economic transition</h3><br>
<p>Farmland has been sold and repurposed for commercial and residential development.</p><br>
<p>Bolling Island is a historic plantation house located overlooking the upper James River near Goochland, Goochland County, Virginia. The original frame section, now the east wing, was built in 1771. The principal two-story, hipped roof brick core was built between 1800 and 1810.</p><br>
<p>The house was remodeled extensively between 1820 and 1835, as a Greek Revival style villa. At the time it was owned by Thomas Bolling, son of Col. William Bolling, who owned Bolling Hall, also a plantation in Goochland County.</p><br>
<p>The younger Bolling installed triple-hung sash as part of his renovations, and added the portico with a Chinese lattice railing. He also added an orangery to the east wing. This resulted in the tri-partite scheme showing influence by Thomas Jefferson.</p><br>
<p>The main house has a "T" plan and a two-story rear ell. The front facade features a two-story portico with a balustraded second level. Also on the property are the contributing smokehouse (c. 1845), office (1839), and brick kitchen.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>Brightly is a historic plantation house located near Goochland, Goochland County, Virginia. The main dwelling was built about 1842, and is a two-story, single pile, central-passage-plan, gable-roofed brick dwelling in the Greek Revival style. The front facade features a one-story, one-bay Greek Revival Doric order porch. Also on the property are the contributing pair of slave dwellings, privy, granary, chicken house, barn, well house, windmill, cemetery and the gate posts.</p><br>
<p>The house now serves as a small bed and breakfast.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>Tanglewood, also known as Tanglewood Ordinary and Tanglewood Tavern, is a historic hotel and tavern located near Maidens, Goochland County, Virginia. The earliest section was built as a gas station in 1929. It is the front one-story projection. A large 2 1/2-story Rustic style log section was added in 1935. The rear addition was built as a restaurant / dance hall on the first floor and living quarters on the upper floors. A two-story "owners" house was built into a hillside behind Tanglewood in about 1950.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>Mount Bernard Complex, also known as Lightfoot&#39;s Beaverdam Plantation and Kameschatka, is a historic plantation house and farm complex located near Maidens, Goochland County, Virginia. The main dwelling was built about 1850, and consists of a central gabled pavilion is flanked by subsidiary wings. It sits on a stone foundation dating to the 18th century. The house was altered in the 1920s in the Classical Revival style. Additions in the 1920s and 1940s to the sides and rear have subsequently turned the original T-shaped plan into a rectangle. Also on the property are the contributing two secondary dwellings, a slave quarters / kitchen, an ice house and cool chamber, a large barn / stable, two smaller stables, a corn crib, an equipment shelter, and a well house.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>Ben Dover, also known as Ben Dover Farm, is a historic home and plantation complex, recognized as a national historic district, located near Manakin-Sabot in Goochland County, Virginia, United States. The district encompasses 13 contributing buildings, 8 contributing sites, and 10 contributing structures.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h2>Site</h2><br>
<p>The main dwelling was built in 1853 as a villa or the Big House of the plantation, in an Italianate style. When renovated in 1930, it was transformed when given a Colonial Revival facade to mask decades of deterioration and poor patchwork.</p><br>
<p>Contributing buildings, many of later construction, include tenant houses, a converted servants quarters (former slave quarters), a garage, a number of barns and sheds, a bowling alley, a smokehouse, and a stable. Contributing structures include three water towers, two well houses, animal feeders, a chicken coop, a silo and a swimming pool. The eight sites include stone foundations or sites of buildings no longer standing. Among these sites are two ruinous barns, a bridge ruin, an old road trace, and remains of landscape terracing. Together they represent the evolution of the Virginia plantation from the mid-19th century to the present day farm.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>The Greenville Commercial Historic District is a historic district located on two blocks of N. Main St. and E. Main Cross St. in Greenville, Kentucky. The district consists of thirteen commercial buildings, ten of which are contributing buildings. The buildings in the district are commercial buildings constructed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The oldest of the buildings are two Italianate buildings built in the 1870s. The district includes the First National Bank Building, a Beaux-Arts building constructed in 1901; a building at 121-123 N. Main with a metal facade and engaged columns; the Greenville Record building at 115 N. Main; Greenville&#39;s Odd Fellows hall at 103 E. Main Cross; and the Palace Theater at 121 N. Main.</p><br>
<p>The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 15, 1985.</p><br>
<p>The North Main Street Historic District is a historic district located along the 100 and 200 blocks of North Main Street in Greenville, Kentucky. The district includes 22 buildings, 20 of which are contributing buildings to the district&#39;s historic status. The primarily residential district is located just north of downtown Greenville. The houses within the district were mainly built in the early 20th century and designed in the Colonial Revival, Bungalow, and Queen Anne styles; an exception to this pattern is the George Short House, which was built in 1841 and is the oldest surviving house in the city. The district also includes the United Methodist Church, a Neoclassical church built in 1921.</p><br>
<p>The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 15, 1985.</p><br>
<p>The South Cherry Street Historic District is a historic district mainly located along the 100 block of South Cherry Street in Greenville, Muhlenberg County, Kentucky. The primarily residential district, which also includes properties on several neighboring streets, contains twenty-three buildings, eighteen of which are contributing buildings to the districts historical significance. The first house in the district was built in 1842 by Jonathan Short. Short was followed by several others in the 1840s and 1850s as Cherry Street became the favored neighborhood of Greenvilles prosperous merchants. The early homes in the district were all designed in a vernacular Greek Revival style.</p><br>
<p>During Greenville&#39;s economic boom after 1871, more homes were built in the district; most of the newer homes were designed in the Colonial Revival and Queen Anne styles. Two churches were constructed in the area in the 1890s: the Gothic Revival Colored Baptist Church and the Romanesque Revival Cumberland Presbyterian Church.</p><br>
<p>Three of the district&#39;s homes were built in the early 1900s as a result of a rivalry between the Duncan and Wickliffe families, who both wished to prove that they were wealthier and of higher status than the other. After the Duncan family built a Queen Anne home at 117 South Cherry in 1907, the Wickliffes constructed an $8000 Beaux-Arts house at 112 Hopkinsville Street the following year. The Duncans responded by building the $10,000 Thistle Cottage at 122 South Cherry Street, which featured decorative woodwork and stained glass windows.</p><br>
<p>Even more houses were built in the district between 1910 and 1930; these later additions were mainly Colonial Revival homes and bungalows. Construction in the district largely ended after 1930, however, leaving the district primarily composed of historic homes. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 15, 1985.</p><br>
<p>Two houses in the district were built by the Duncan family and might be known as "Duncan House". One is at 117 South Cherry. The other Duncan House, at 122 South Cherry, became the Duncan Center Museum & Art Gallery until renamed to "Thistle Cottage". This latter one is one of few examples of Mission Revival architecture in Muhlenberg County; the J.A. Gilman House, also in Greenville and separately NRHP-listed, is another.</p><br>
<p>117_Cherry_Street_Greenville,_Kentucky.pngThe Duncan House at 117 South Cherry Street</p><br>
<p>112_Hopkinsville_Street_Greenville,_KY.pngThe Wickliffe House at 112 Hopkinsville Street</p><br>
<p>The Baker Site  is an archaeological site in Muhlenberg County, Kentucky, located north of Andrew&#39;s Run and 2 mi northwest of Rochester along the banks of the Green River. The site is a shell midden site dating from the Middle Archaic period. In addition to middens, the site also includes four human graves and three dog graves. A number of artifacts, including projectile points and scrapers, have been obtained from the site.</p><br>
<p>The first surveys of the site took place in 1938, when pits were dug at the site to obtain material for chicken feed. The site was named for Harry Baker, who owned the neighboring piece of land. In 1979, a state survey observed that the center of the site had been destroyed, leaving only the periphery — about 25% of the total site — comparatively undisturbed. Nevertheless, the site remains valuable, and its edges are believed to retain substantial amounts of information. Such an assessment depended partly on the surface collection performed by the 1979 survey, which recovered 55 stone tools and 44 artifacts derived from animals.</p><br>
<p>The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 1, 1986. It is part of the Green River Shell Middens Archeological District, a National Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<p>Umang Dam, located on the south side of Finile Rd. in Agat, Guam, was built in 1898. Also denoted 66-02-1868, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<p>The site is given an 1898 date of significance in the National Register, but is described as a 20th-century public work and as having been "built in the early 1920s, mainly for agricultural purposes" before and during World War II.</p><br>
<p>It was then the fifth site in Agat and the 122nd in Guam to be placed on the National Register, and was termed "instrumental in the livelihood of the people of Agat."</p><br>
<p>The Mataguac Hill Command Post, near Yigo, Guam, has significance from 1944 during the Battle of Guam. It was the location of "the last organized resistance by the Japanese to the American liberation of Guam during World War II and therefore is considered a highlight of the invasion of Guam."</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. The listing&#39;s two contributing structures are two concrete bunkers built by the Japanese military early in 1944, in a small gully at a location where fresh water was present and where thick bamboo groves may have concealed the area from American military air reconnaissance and attack. The smaller bunker is 12.4 x and about 2.5 m tall. The main portion of the larger bunker, about 10 m away, is 15 x and about 4 m tall; it is L-shaped.</p><br>
<p>It was used as a command post by Japanese Lt. Gen. Hideyoshi Obata. The position was attacked on August 11, 1944 by the 306th Regiment of the 77th Infantry Division of the USA Army. "Throwing white phosphorus grenades and using pole charges and more than 400 blocks of TNT, they blew up the front of the caverns, closing them." The bunkers were opened by American engineers three days later and 60 bodies were found, including that of General Obata.</p><br>
<p>There are other abandoned concrete structures to hold water from Mataguac Spring, not far away, that were built by the USA Army Corps of Engineers, after World War II.</p><br>
<p>The Building at 826 North Main Street, at 826 N. Main St. in Cottonwood, Arizona, was built in 1925. It is a 25 x building built of cast block and is significant of an example of better fire protection in construction following a 1925 fire in Cottonwood&#39;s business district. This building is reported to be one of only three examples of using cast block in particular, in Cottonwood, and "the only example of its use for residential purposes", although the building has in fact been used since for commercial purposes.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>Tinsley Tavern, also known as Tinsleyville Tavern, is a historic inn and tavern located near Columbia in Goochland County, Virginia. It was built about 1802, and is a two-story, vernacular Federal period building. It has a center passage plan, and features wood-frame construction with weatherboard cladding. A -story, rear addition dates to about 1920. The building was used as a drover&#39;s tavern until 1836, after which it was occupied as a single family home.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>Powell&#39;s Tavern is a historic inn and tavern located at Manakin, Goochland County, Virginia. The earliest section was built about 1808, with additions made by 1815 and 1820. It is a two-story, H-shaped brick and frame building. The original section is a two-story frame block with a gable roof and two low one-story wings with shed roofs. It is connected to the later two-story, five-bay brick section by a two-story hyphen added in 1958.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>The Dresbach–Hunt–Boyer House is a historic house located at 604 2nd Street in Davis, California. Built in the early 1870s, the house is the only extant example of a Stick style Italianate house in Davis. The houses design features wood siding, a cornice with decorative brackets, a front porch topped by a balustrade, and a three-sided bay on the right side of the front facade. William Dresbach, the homes first owner, was a wealthy local merchant who served as Davis first postmaster. Dresbach lost the house to bankruptcy in 1879, and the house passed through two owners before Frank Hunt purchased it in 1899. Hunts brother John moved into the home in 1902; after 1920, his daughter Mary Boyer owned the home until her death in 1973.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 13, 1976.</p><br>
<p>The Gulick-Rowell House, on Missionary Row in Waimea, on Kauai, in Hawaii, is a historic house that is listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places. It is located across from Waimea Canyon Middle School, on way to Kauai Veterans Memorial Hospital, first built 1829 by Rev. Peter Johnson Gulick, completed by Rev. George Rowell in 1846.</p><br>
<p>It was built of coral limestone cut from reefs offshore and floated in.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the Hawaiʻi Register of Historic Places in 1977 and on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>The Marzen House, near Lovelock, Nevada, which has also been known as Big Meadow Ranch House, is an Italianate style house that was built in 1875. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981.</p><br>
<p>It is significant as being the most prominent historic ranch house in the Lovelock Valley, and for association with Colonel Joseph Marzen, as well as for its Italianate architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Marzen House was built as a residence in 1875 by Colonel Joseph Marzen (1828-1916). The surrounding territory was developed into a vast and affluent ranch. The two-story house is designed with ornate jigsaw cutout window moldings and corner-boards. This symmetrical building is capped with a hipped roof which is low pitched.</p><br>
<p>The exterior, which is formally balanced, is sided in shiplap initially painted white. It has stilted segmental arch moldings which are surrounded by double-hung wooden windows. The leading doorway has ornate Victorian double doors and a transom above decorated with frosted glass surrounded by cutout molding.</p><br>
<h2>History and Context</h2><br>
<p>Marzen House or the Big Meadows Ranch House is one of the most spectacular residences of central Nevada built in the late 1800s. Unlike other ranch houses which were simple and merely functional, the Big Meadows Ranch House was an exceptionally designed work of architecture. It is very spacious and elegant as well. The description notifies that Colonel Joseph Marzen was a very thriving rancher in Nevada.</p><br>
<p>Coming to Nevada in 1863, Mr. Marzen started the trade of butcher in Virginia City. He first visited the Lovelock Valley in 1873, he brought in thousands of cattle during his visit. After around 2 years, he returned to the Lovelock Valley to build a house there and so he bought land in the area of Big Meadows. Using the close by Humboldt River, Mr. Marzen irrigated the land for wheat cultivation. He constructed the most striking house in the Lovelock Valley as his residence concurrently. The ownership of the ranch house has been changed many times after Colonel Joseph Marzen. The later possessors were well-known people like Louis Aloys Friedman, the Baldwin estate, and Raymond Lewis Knisley.</p><br>
<p>After the Big Meadows Ranch House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, the empty house was shifted to the edge of the Big Meadow Ranch from its first position so that it could be used as a museum. Currently, it is accessible to the public and it is still in its rural setting at Lovelock Valley. The initial landscape has been revived with a lawn outlined by a number of trees.</p><br>
<p>Oak Grove is a historic home located near Manakin-Sabot, Goochland County, Virginia. The central block of the main dwelling was built about 1850 in the Greek Revival style. It is two stories high and three bays wide, and features a full-width front porch with Doric order-style square columns and engaged pilasters. A semidetached one-story, two-bay wing, was built about 1820, and a two-story, two-bay rear wing was added about 1866. Also on the property are the contributing one-story heavy timber frame meat house, a one-story frame barn, a brick-and-stone-lined circular well, and the stone foundations of two historic dependencies.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<p>Rochambeau Farm is a historic home and farm complex located near Manakin-Sabot, Goochland County, Virginia. The main dwelling was built about 1855, and is an L-shaped full two-story frame structure set on a common bond brick foundation in the Greek Revival style. It has a low hip roof and three single-story colonnade porches.</p><br>
<p>Also on the property are the contributing library (c. 1750–1810), the woodshed with a three-hole privy in the rear, the old smokehouse (now farm office) with attached toolshed, lumber shed, the garage, the new smoke house (1917/18), a chicken house, milk cow barn (near ruin), run-in shed, two-stall horse barn (near ruin), and hay storage barn (1965) with tack room (1997). One contributing structure and two contributing sites include the original farm house well, the site of the old ice house and the vegetable garden, containing an archaeological site.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<p>Woodlawn is a historic home located near Oilville, Goochland County, Virginia. It is dated to the late 18th century, and is a two-story, five-bay brick structure with 12 fireplaces in the Federal style. It has a small porch supported on four evenly spaced square columns with Ionic order capitals added around 1810. The house still has much of its original glass and original woodwork, and a formal boxwood garden with some of the box trees well over a century old.</p><br>
<p>This is the oldest of five historic houses in Virginia that are named "Woodlawn". Others can be found listed under Woodlawn, Virginia.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.</p><br>
<p>Howard&#39;s Neck Plantation is a historic house and plantation complex located near the unincorporated community of Pemberton, in Goochland County, Virginia. It was built about 1825, and is a two-story, three-bay brick structure in the Federal style. The house is similar in style to the works of Robert Mills. It has a shallow deck-on-hip roof and a small, one-story academically proportioned tetrastyle Roman Doric order portico.</p><br>
<p>Also on the property are other contributing buildings: A one-story frame house, said to be the original farm dwelling dating from colonial times; a 20th-century frame house, an early 19th-century brick kitchen, two frame smokehouses, a frame tool house, two early carriage houses and a harness house, three log slave quarters, the manager&#39;s house, and a sizable tobacco barn.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<p>Rock Castle is an historical estate located at Rock Castle, Goochland County, Virginia. Located on the Rock Castle property is the Queen Anne Cottage. It is a small, five-bay, -story frame structure with clipped gable ends and two interior end chimneys. The house was built prior to 1732. In 1843 Rock Castle was purchased by John Rutherfoord, Governor of Virginia from 1841 to 1842.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.</p><br>
<p>Lock-Keepers House is a historic home located near Cedar Point, Goochland County, Virginia. It was built about 1836, and is a two-story frame structure resting on a stone foundation of whitewashed, rough-faced, uncoursed ashlar. It has a shallow gable roof and a shed roof porch that extends the length of the building. It was built to serve Lock Number 7 at Cedar Point and is the last remaining lock-keepers house of the James River and Kanawha Canal system. It addition to being a residence, the lock-keeper&#39;s house served as a tavern and furnished accommodations for passengers and canal boat crews.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>The Dover Slave Quarter Complex is a set of five historic structures located on Brookview Farm near Manakin-Sabot, Goochland County, Virginia. They were built as one-story, two-unit, brick structures with steep gable roofs for housing African-American slaves. The houses are arranged in a wide arc, measuring in length. The center dwelling had a frame second-story added and its brick walls covered by siding when it was converted to an overseer&#39;s house. It has a recent rear addition.</p><br>
<p>In addition to the center dwelling, one of the former slave dwellings serves as the farm office, one serves as a woodworking shop, and the remaining two are used for storage. Also on the farm are the two early 20th-century contributing farm structures; one is an impressively long dairy barn, and there are two tenant houses, silos, and storage buildings.</p><br>
<p>The structures were listed as a group on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>Goochland County Court Square is a historic county courthouse and national historic district located at Goochland, Goochland County, Virginia. It includes three contributing buildings and one contributing site. The Goochland County Court House was built in 1826 by Dabney Cosby, an architect of the area. It is a two-story, temple-form brick structure with a projecting pedimented tetrastyle Tuscan order portico.</p><br>
<p>Other buildings in the square include the 1848 two-story, hipped-roof stone jail; the original one-story, brick clerk&#39;s office; and a monument to the Confederate dead of Goochland County. The latter was erected in the late 19th or early 20th century.</p><br>
<p>The historic district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.</p><br>
<p>The Old Grayson County Courthouse and Clerks Office is a historic county courthouse located at Galax, Grayson County, Virginia. The Old Grayson County Courthouse was built in 1834, and consists of a two-story central block with flanking two-story wings and a one-story addition on the rear north side which was built in the 1870s and expanded in 1988. The Old clerks Office, built in 1810, is a simple one-room brick structure. In 1850 the county seat moved to its present location in Independence, and the courthouse was subsequently used as a private residence, as a hotel, an apartment house, and a hay barn.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>Dr. Virgil Cox House is a historic home located at Galax, Virginia, owned by Virgil J. Cox. It was built about 1913, and is a large -story frame dwelling with Queen Anne and Colonial Revival style design elements. It has a complex exterior presentation, complex roof plan, and an equally complex floor</p><br>
<p>plan. The house is sheathed in German siding and features irregular, front-gable projections on the facade and north side; a projection with a polygonal bay on the southwest corner, a gable-roof dormer on the facade; and a small, upper balcony on the facade with attenuated Tuscan columns and pilasters. Also on the property are a contributing boxwood garden and outbuilding.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>Stephen G. Bourne House, also known as Bourne-Hale House, is a historic home located at Fries, Grayson County, Virginia. It was built about 1829, and is a two-story, rectangular, weatherboarded log structure on a fieldstone foundation. It features a one-story, three-bay porch with square wood columns and two brick chimneys on the east end and one on the west end.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>Fries Boarding Houses are two historic boarding houses located at Fries, Grayson County, Virginia. They were built as twins, and are large two-story frame buildings resting on full-height stuccoed brick basements in the Colonial Revival style. They have side-gable roofs, brick interior end chimneys, and gabled dormers. The exact date of the boarding houses is unknown, but they likely date to the first phase of village construction between 1901 and 1910.</p><br>
<p>They were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>Brookside Farm and Mill is a historic grist mill and farm complex located at Independence, Grayson County, Virginia. The Brookside Mill was built in 1876, and is a three-story, three-bay by three bay, heavy timber frame building measuring 30 feet by 35 feet. The principal dwelling was built in 1877, and is a two-story, three-bay, frame building with a central passage plan. Other contributing buildings and structures include a brick spring house, brick smokehouse, log corn crib, frame hen house , millers cabin , the millers cottage or Graham House , a frame service station / garage , and concrete dam  and earthen mill race.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>Spring Valley Rural Historic District is a national historic district located near Fries, Grayson County, Virginia, United States. The district encompasses 184 contributing buildings, 3 contributing sites, and 1 contributing object in the wooded and agricultural northeastern corner of Grayson County. It includes mostly frame or log structures, with a few brick buildings, and several well-preserved examples of early-19th century log dwellings still in use.</p><br>
<p>Notable buildings include the Knob Fork Primitive Baptist Church (c. 1800), William Bourne House "Walnut Hill" (c. 1790), Austin King House (c. 1847), Tomlinson House (c. 1851), O&#39;Donnell Place (c. 1860), Ephraim Boyer House (c. 1870), John Fielder Farmhouse (c. 1850, c. 1870), Ebenezer Methodist Church and Cemetery (c. 1884), Spring Valley Academy (c. 1880), Glenn Cornett House (1904), and Phipps Bourne Farmstead (1909). Located in the district is the separately listed Stephen G. Bourne House.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.</p><br>
<p>Gordon C. Felts House is a historic home located at Galax, Virginia. It was completed in 1930, and is a large -story stuccoed brick dwelling in the Mission Revival style. It features a terra cotta mission style gabled roof. It also has a large bluestone terrace covered by a pergola supported by six large Grecian Doric order columns, on the south side the house has an enclosed sleeping porch defined with four large Grecian Doric columns. Also on the property are a contributing garage / apartment and playhouse. Currently owned by Nancy and Dr. Samuel B. Luague.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>The A. G. Pless Jr. House is a historic home located at Galax, Virginia. It was completed in 1939, and consists of a three-story, side gabled main section with a three-story rear wing, one-story west wing, and one-story, shed roofed sun porch on the east. The house is in the Colonial Revival style. It features flanking brick end chimneys. Also on the property is a contributing garage.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>Galax Commercial Historic District is a national historic district located at Galax, Virginia. The district encompasses 67 contributing buildings in the central business district of Galax. A few of the buildings</p><br>
<p>are one-story storefronts, but a majority of the buildings are two-story commercial buildings with</p><br>
<p>either apartments or offices located on the second floor. The majority of the buildings were built in</p><br>
<p>the 1920s. Notable buildings include the old fire station (c. 1920), Colonial Theater (1930), Waugh Department Store (1904), Rex Theater (1938), and Galax Municipal Building (1908).</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002, with a boundary increase in 2008.</p><br>
<p>Greene County Courthouse is a historic county courthouse located at Stanardsville, Greene County, Virginia. It was built in 1838–1839, and is a two-story, gable roofed brick building. The front facade features a three-bay, pedimented tetrastyle portico addition using Tuscan order columns and a Roman Doric entablature added in 1927–1928. The building is topped by a distinctive cupola.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.</p><br>
<p>Powell–McMullan House is a historic home located near Stanardsville, Greene County, Virginia. The original house was built about 1800 and expanded in 1842. It is a two-story, frame dwelling in a vernacular Greek Revival style. It has a metal-sheathed gable roof, exterior gable-end brick chimneys, and a one-story hipped roof front porch.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>The Octonia Stone, also known as Octoney, Octeny, Octona, and Octuna Stone, is a historic boundary marker located near Stanardsville, Greene County, Virginia. The stone marks the terminus of the westernmost boundary line of the 24,000-acre Octonia Grant. It is a granite-type rock which is part of a natural outcropping in a hayfield. The stone is engraved with a figure 8, composed of two, nearly perfect circles, with a cross touching the top of the 8.</p><br>
<p>Correct coordinates are: (38.3337176, -78.4536142) - msw 11Nov2021</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.</p><br>
<p>Stanardsville Historic District is a national historic district located at Stanardsville, Greene County, Virginia. The district encompasses 146 contributing buildings, 4 contributing sites, 9 contributing structures, and 8 contributing objects in the Town of Stanardsville. It includes the Courthouse Square district and surrounding commercial and residential areas. Notable buildings include the Stanardsville Methodist Church, Grace Episcopal Church , Lafayette Hotel , Gibbons Store , John Sims house , Greene County Chamber of Commerce , Forest Hill Academy , and Stanardsville Motor Company . Located in the district is the separately listed Greene County Courthouse.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>Violet Bank is a historic plantation house and museum in Colonial Heights, Virginia. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The development of the estate began in 1777, when Thomas Shore purchased 144 acres atop "Archers Hill" from the heirs of John Martin. The first house was completed in 1778. Violet Bank originally fit an almost canonized two-over-two centre hall plan typical of late colonial Tidewater Virginia. This house served as General Gilbert du Motier, marquis de Lafayettes Headquarters at the beginning of the 1781 summer campaign in the South, which eventually ended in Cornwallis capitulation at the Siege of Yorktown.</p><br>
<p>There were two American Revolutionary War actions fought on the hillside. The first was in March 1781 under Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben and his Virginia Militia; the second in April 1781, under Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette. Both of these were actions against British Major General William Phillips, who mentioned the property in a dispatch: "We assaulted the enemys work across the river and attempted to gain the high ground adjacent to Thomas Shores house, but were repulsed with heavy losses." The British casualties were approx. 200.</p><br>
<p>Phillips&#39; objectives were to capture the crucial river crossing on the Appomattox, and gain control over the Turnpike. Not only was Petersburg the only major thoroughfare through Southside Central Virginia that would facilitate troop movement, it was also the primary access road for Chesterfield Courthouse, a primary supply depot and one of three training grounds for the Continental Line in Virginia.</p><br>
<p>Phillips became ill, and subsequently died, buried in an unmarked grave, lest the rebels desecrate his resting place. He is the second highest ranking British officer buried outside Great Britain. Cornwallis then acceded to command. Lacking sufficient strength to overwhelm Lafayette on the Heights, Cornwallis decided to abandon Virginia and campaign farther south.</p><br>
<p>Violet Bank would once again play host to Lafayette in 1824, when he visited the country for the last time as an official guest of the United States. During the interim between General Lafayettes two visits, Violet Banks appearance was completely altered. It was described in the Mutual Assurance of Society of Virginia papers of 1796 as a "two-story clapboard structure w/addition in which there was a cellar floored in stone w/kitchen". Violet Bank originally bore a strong resemblance to the still extant Weston Manor in Hopewell, Virginia. Benjamin Latrobe intended on lodging at Violet Bank, "but he (Thomas Shore) is at present building, and occupies his offices only, which, in Virginia, follows a plantation house as a litter of pigs to their mother."</p><br>
<p>The house caught fire in 1810, supposedly on a Sunday whilst the family was away at church. Thomas Shore would occupy the house for 22 years until his death in 1800, leaving behind a much younger wife and three daughters, the oldest of whom was four at the time. The "Widder Jane Grey" would remarry in 1804, Henry Haxall of Haxall Mills. They and the three girls were the residents when the house burned, the cellar kitchen being a likely culprit. The chimney stacks and foundation survived the fire, which was somewhat unusual since the lime mortar used during the period did not generally withstand the intense heat that a house fire would generate and would be "cooked out".</p><br>
<p>From 1810 to 1815 the house was rebuilt; the front foundation was altered, a radically different superstructure was built atop the first Violet Banks foundation, and an entirely new main house was constructed. Enter Benjamin Latrobe again, or at least his designs. Latrobe in all probability made the acquaintance of Jane Grey Shore Haxall when he visited Petersburg in 1796 and went to the horse races with Thomas Shore on April 21 of that year according to his Journal. He dined with Thomas brother Dr. John Shore on the 22nd. Latrobes notation for the 23rd stated that he had gotten into Shores house and was "much more comfortable than in the buzz of betting at the track." Whether he meant Dr. Johns residence or Thomas is unclear.</p><br>
<p>The consensus of most architectural historians is that Violet Bank was designed by a pupil of Latrobes, although there is nothing that suggests that Robert Mills (architect) might have had a hand in its planning. The possibility also exists that Violet Bank is, like Point of Honor in Lynchburg, the product of a country builder who was familiar with Latrobes work in Richmond, and used that as a base from which to start, through the house could be right out of a Latrobe sketchbook with its combination of octagonal bays, recessed portico and Adam-style ceiling moulding.</p><br>
<p>There are quite a number of shared characteristics between Violet Bank and a known Latrobe house, that of Michael Hancock built Ca. 1808-09. Henry Haxall would, at least, have been familiar with this fashionable house on the corner of 5th & Main in Richmond, as well as the architectural trend in Richmond which this house embodied. Jane Grey, having met the man, was likely to have passing knowledge of Latrobes architectural ideas. A quick perusal of the inventory for Henry Haxalls will probate clearly indicates a man of taste concerned with fashion. Mr. & Mrs. Haxall were certainly wealthy enough to have hired Latrobe, and if they did not consult with him on rebuilding project, they must probably asked him to suggest an architect, he would have named one of his own pupils.</p><br>
<p>Whoever the architect was, his reuse of the existing foundation and chimney stacks make the architectural solution more idiosyncratic. Normally an architect starts with a blank page, however, in this case, the architect was forced to deal with fixed points and proportions. The second floor fireboxes were bricked up, the second floor was eliminated, which enabled the ceilings to be raised. All masonry was stuccoed & scored to resemble ashlar and to hide the difference in brickwork that the modifications necessitated.</p><br>
<p>The tripartite foundation plan lent itself naturally to a very strict Vitruvian construct. The peculiar ring to be founded on third the distance up each Portico column, unique to Virginia architecture, form the keynote that coalesces the structure into a harmonious whole & unlocks the architectural formula.</p><br>
<p>Henry Haxall died in 1834, the same year as his eldest step-daughter married Dr. John Gilliam. Thomas Shores middle daughter Marie Louisa married Dr. William Shippen II of Philadelphia. The youngest, Jane Grey, died at the age of 15 without issue. The estate passed to the Gilliams upon the death of Jane Haxall, eleven years after her husband, in 1834. Violet Bank would remain in the Gilliam Familys hands until 1873. At the time of its occupation by the Headquarters of the Army of Northern Virginia, the title to Violet Bank was held in deed of trust by Thomas Gilliam, Thomas Shores grandson.</p><br>
<p>Part of the Main house also served as a hospital during the siege. The war largely impoverished the Gilliam family, and the house was sold in 1873 to a cousin, Mrs. Evelyn Gasquet Marshall of New York. She would occupy the house until her death in 1885, when the property was acquired by Capt. Abel N. Haskins. His heirs, in turn, sold houses and remaining 68 acres to the Greater Petersburg Realty Corporation in 1905. Operating Violet Bank as a dairy farm, the new owners knocked out walls on the first floor of the main house in order to utilize the structure as a cattle barn. Greater Petersburg Reality Corp. CEO Bellamy decided in the late 1914 to subdivide the farm and develop it for housing, and work began in 1915. The first thing Bellamy did in breaking up the property was tear down the main house, leaving the extant portion remaining.</p><br>
<p>The much reduced Violet Bank would be one of the first houses sold in River view sub-division. It was purchased in 1919 by Mrs. Alice Pierrepont who resided there until 1948, at which time she sold it to American Legion Post 284. The City of Colonial Heights acquired the house in 1959, first for the Chamber of Commerce, then as Colonial Heights first public library. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. Now a part of the Recreation & Parks department, Violet Bank began its current incarnation as an active Historic House Museum in 1988.</p><br>
<p>Violet Bank Museum is a superb document of Federal design and American Interior Decorative Arts. It is on the National Register of Historic Places and a Virginia Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<p>Gibson Memorial Chapel and Martha Bagby Battle House at Blue Ridge School is a historic Episcopal chapel and home located on the grounds of Blue Ridge School near Dyke, Greene County, Virginia.</p><br>
<p>The Gibson Memorial Chapel was designed by noted Boston architect Ralph Adams Cram and built between 1929 and 1932. It is a six-bay, gable-roofed chapel is built on a modified cruciform plan. The chapel is built entirely of uncut and uncoursed native fieldstone and is executed in the Gothic Revival style. It is named after Robert Atkinson Gibson (1846-1919), the sixth Episcopal Bishop of Virginia.</p><br>
<p>The Martha Bagby Battle House, also known as the Headmaster&#39;s House, was completed in 1934. It consists of a two-story, four-bay, hipped-roof center section extended by protruding one- and two-story bays on all sides. The house is constructed of uncut and uncoursed native fieldstone and is in the English Gothic style.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<p>The Sadie Thompson Inn is a historic building in Malaloa, one of the constituent villages of Pago Pago in American Samoa. The building is noted as the guest house where from mid-December 1916 author W. Somerset Maugham resided for six weeks during an extended trip through the South Sea Islands. He described it as a "dilapidated lodging house with a corrugated tin roof" and complained that he contracted "a stubborn rash, no doubt fungus" while at the hotel, and of the weeks it took to cure it.</p><br>
<p>The building was subsequently the setting of his short story "Rain", published in 1921, which depicted a psychological battle of wits between a wayward, on-the-run prostitute, Sadie Thompson, and a conservative, self-righteous missionary. Although conclusive evidence is lacking, Maugham was apparently in residence at the lodging house with a real person named Sadie Thompson, who reportedly had been driven from a red-light district in Honolulu.</p><br>
<p>Considered one of Maugham&#39;s more noteworthy works, the story was later adapted to the stage and brought to the screen three times. The first film was the 1928 silent Sadie Thompson, starring Gloria Swanson as the titular character and Lionel Barrymore as Alfred Davidson, the missionary. Just four years later, in 1932, it was filmed again as Rain, with Joan Crawford as Sadie and Walter Huston, the missionary. And in 1953, Miss Sadie Thompson was released in Technicolor, featuring Rita Hayworth and José Ferrer.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003 as the Sadie Thompson Building.</p><br>
<p>The Sadie Thompson Inn is historically significant for its association with Somerset Maugham during the waning years of the British Empire in the South Sea Islands. Maugham stayed at the lodging house from December 16, 1916, to January 30, 1917.</p><br>
